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Measure: CMS146

Appropriate Testing for Pharyngitis

Measure Versions

eMeasure Code Measure Year Full Version Number Title
CMS146v12 2024 12.0.000 Appropriate Testing for Pharyngitis
CMS146v11 2023 11 Appropriate Testing for Pharyngitis
CMS146v10 2022 10.1.000 Appropriate Testing for Pharyngitis
CMS146v9 2021 9.2.000 Appropriate Testing for Pharyngitis
CMS146v8 2020 8.2.000 Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis
CMS146v7 2019 7.2.000 Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis
CMS146v6 2018 6.1.000 Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis
CMS146v5 2017 5.1.000 Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis

Description

The percentage of episodes for patients 3 years and older with a diagnosis of pharyngitis that resulted in an antibiotic dispensing event and a group A streptococcus (strep) test

Guidance

This is an episode of care measure that examines all eligible episodes for the patient during the measurement period. The intent is to determine whether antibiotics are being dispensed appropriately. Antibiotics should only be dispensed if a strep test has been performed to confirm a bacterial infection. Antibiotics should not be dispensed for viral infections. This eCQM is an episode-based measure. An episode is defined as each eligible encounter for patients aged 3 years and older with a diagnosis of pharyngitis that resulted in an antibiotic dispensing event during the measurement period. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM.

Patient Group Definitions

Group Description Instructions Links
Initial PopulationOutpatient, telephone, online assessment (i.e. e-visit or virtual check-in), observation, or emergency department (ED) visits with a diagnosis of pharyngitis and an antibiotic dispensing event on or within 3 days after the episode date among patients 3 years or olderWebchart Instructions
DenominatorEquals Initial PopulationWebchart Instructions
Denominator ExclusionsExclude episodes where the patient is taking antibiotics in the 30 days prior to the episode date, or had an active prescription on the episode date. Exclude episodes where the patient had a comorbid condition during the 12 months prior to or on the episode date. Exclude episodes when the patient had hospice care for any part of the measurement period. Exclude episodes where the patient had a competing diagnosis on or within three days after the episode date.Webchart Instructions
NumeratorA group A streptococcus test in the seven-day period from three days prior to the episode date through three days after the episode dateWebchart Instructions
Numerator ExclusionsNot ApplicableWebchart Instructions
Denominator ExceptionsNone

Details

Full eMeasure Code eMeasure Identifier Measure Year Version NQF # GUID
CMS146v10 146 2022 10.1.000 Not Applicable beb1c33c-2549-4e7f-9567-05ed38448464
Steward Developer Endorsed By
National Committee for Quality Assurance National Committee for Quality Assurance
Scoring Method Measure Type Stratification Risk Adjustment
Proportion PROCESS • 3-17 years • 18-64 years • 65 years and older None

Rate Aggregation

None

Improvement Notation

Higher score indicates better quality

Rationale

Group A streptococcal bacterial infections and other infections that cause pharyngitis (which are most often viral) often produce the same signs and symptoms (Shulman et al., 2012). The American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America all recommend a diagnostic test for Strep A to improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment (Linder et al ., 2005). Estimated economic costs of pediatric streptococcal pharyngitis in the United States range from $224 million to $539 million per year, including indirect costs related to parental work losses. At a higher level, the economic cost of antibiotic resistance varies but has extended as high as $20 billion in excess direct healthcare costs, with additional costs to society for lost productivity as high as $35 billion a year (2008 dollars) (Pfoh et al, 2008).

Clinical Recommendation Statement

Infectious Disease Society of America (2012) 

The Infectious Diseases Society of America "recommends swabbing the throat and testing for GAS pharyngitis by rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and/or culture because the clinical features alone do not reliably discriminate between GAS and viral pharyngitis except when overt viral features like rhinorrhea, cough, oral ulcers, and/or hoarseness are present"

Definition

None

Transmission Format

TBD

Applicable Value Sets

Category Value Set OID
Diagnosis Acute Pharyngitis 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.102.12.1011
Diagnosis Acute Tonsillitis 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.102.12.1012
Diagnosis Comorbid Conditions for Respiratory Conditions 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.102.12.1025
Diagnosis Competing Conditions for Respiratory Conditions 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.102.12.1017
Encounter, Performed Emergency Department Visit 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1010
Encounter, Performed Encounter Inpatient 2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307
Encounter, Performed Home Healthcare Services 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1016
Encounter, Performed Hospital Observation Care - Initial 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1002
Encounter, Performed Medical Disability Exam 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1073
Encounter, Performed Observation 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1086
Encounter, Performed Office Visit 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001
Encounter, Performed Online Assessments 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1089
Encounter, Performed Outpatient Consultation 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1008
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care - Established Office Visit, 0 to 17 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1024
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care Services - Established Office Visit, 18 and Up 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1025
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care Services - Group Counseling 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1027
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care Services - Other 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1030
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care Services-Individual Counseling 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1026
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care Services-Initial Office Visit, 18 and Up 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1023
Encounter, Performed Preventive Care- Initial Office Visit, 0 to 17 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1022
Encounter, Performed Telephone Visits 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1080
Intervention, Order Hospice care ambulatory 2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1108.15
Intervention, Performed Hospice care ambulatory 2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1108.15
Laboratory Test, Performed Group A Streptococcus Test 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.198.12.1012
Medication, Active Antibiotic Medications for Pharyngitis 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.196.12.1001
Medication, Order Antibiotic Medications for Pharyngitis 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.196.12.1001
Patient Characteristic Ethnicity Ethnicity 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.837
Patient Characteristic Payer Payer 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591
Patient Characteristic Race Race 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.836
Patient Characteristic Sex ONC Administrative Sex 2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1

References

CITATIONLinder, J. A., Bates, D. W., Lee, G. M., et al. (2005). Antibiotic treatment of children with sore throat. JAMA, 294(18), 2315-2322.
CITATIONPfoh, E., Wessels, M.R., Goldmann, D., et al. (2008). Burden and economic cost of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatrics, 121(2), 229-234. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-0484
CITATIONShulman, S. T., Bisno, A. L., Clegg, H. W., et al. (2012). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 55(10), E86-E102. doi:10.1093/cid/cis629

Disclaimer

The performance Measure is not a clinical guideline and does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R] and unregistered trademarks are indicated by (TM) or [TM].

Copyright

This Physician Performance Measure (Measure) and related data specifications are owned and were developed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA). NCQA is not responsible for any use of the Measure. NCQA makes no representations, warranties, or endorsement about the quality of any organization or physician that uses or reports performance measures and NCQA has no liability to anyone who relies on such measures or specifications. NCQA holds a copyright in the Measure. The Measure can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by healthcare providers in connection with their practices) without obtaining approval from NCQA. Commercial use is defined as the sale, licensing, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. All commercial uses or requests for modification must be approved by NCQA and are subject to a license at the discretion of NCQA. (C) 2012-2020 National Committee for Quality Assurance. All Rights Reserved.
 
Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for user convenience. Users of proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of the code sets. NCQA disclaims all liability for use or accuracy of any third party codes contained in the specifications.

CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2020 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) copyright 2004-2020 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2020 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 copyright 2020 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved.

Source: https://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqm/measures/cms146v1