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Measure: CMS145

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)

Measure Versions

eMeasure Code Measure Year Full Version Number Title
CMS145v12 2024 12.0.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <=40%)
CMS145v11 2023 11 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy – Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF ? 40%)
CMS145v10 2022 10.1.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
CMS145v9 2021 9.2.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
CMS145v8 2020 8.2.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
CMS145v7 2019 7.2.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
CMS145v6 2018 6.0.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
CMS145v5 2017 5.2.000 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Beta-Blocker Therapy-Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (LVEF <40%)

Description

Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month period who also have a prior MI or a current or prior LVEF <40% who were prescribed beta-blocker therapy

Guidance

Beta-blocker therapy: - For patients with prior MI, beta-blocker therapy includes any agent within the beta-blocker drug class. As of 2015, no recommendations or evidence are cited in current stable ischemic heart disease guidelines for preferential use of specific agents - For patients with prior LVEF <40%, beta-blocker therapy includes the following: bisoprolol, carvedilol, or sustained release metoprolol succinate The requirement of two or more visits is to establish that the eligible professional or eligible clinician has an existing relationship with the patient. A range value should satisfy the logic requirement for 'Ejection Fraction' as long as the ranged observation value clearly meets the less than 40% threshold noted in the denominator logic. A range that is inclusive of or greater than 40% would not meet the measure requirement. If a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI) within the past 3 years and a current or prior LVEF < 40% (or moderate or severe LVSD), the patient should only be counted in Population Criteria 1. This eCQM is a patient-based measure. This version of the eCQM uses QDM version 5.5. Please refer to the eCQI resource center (https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm) for more information on the QDM.

Patient Group Definitions

Group Description Instructions Links
Initial PopulationAll patients aged 18 years and older with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease seen within a 12-month periodWebchart Instructions
DenominatorEquals Initial Population who also have prior (within the past 3 years) MI or a current or prior LVEF <40%Webchart Instructions
Denominator ExclusionsNone
NumeratorPatients who were prescribed beta-blocker therapyWebchart Instructions
Numerator ExclusionsNot ApplicableWebchart Instructions
Denominator ExceptionsDocumentation of medical reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., allergy, intolerance, other medical reasons). Documentation of patient reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., patient declined, other patient reasons). Documentation of system reason(s) for not prescribing beta-blocker therapy (e.g., other reasons attributable to the health care system).Webchart Instructions

Details

Full eMeasure Code eMeasure Identifier Measure Year Version NQF # GUID
CMS145v9 145 2021 9.2.000 0070e 80744ae2-de81-4b16-a71d-69522eb865c5
Steward Developer Endorsed By
American Medical Association (AMA) PCPI(R) Foundation (PCPI[R]) National Quality Forum
Scoring Method Measure Type Stratification Risk Adjustment
Proportion PROCESS None None

Rate Aggregation

This measure is intended to have one reporting rate, which aggregates the following populations into a single performance rate for reporting purposes: 
- Population 1: Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF <40%)
- Population 2: Patients with a prior (within the past 3 years) myocardial infarction

For the purposes of this measure, a single performance rate can be calculated as follows:
Performance Rate = (Numerator 1 + Numerator 2)/ [(Denominator 1 - Denominator Exceptions 1) + (Denominator 2 - Denominator Exceptions 2)]

Improvement Notation

Higher score indicates better quality

Rationale

For patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), beta-blockers are recommended for 3 years after myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. Beta-blockers, particularly carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol which have been shown to reduce risk of death, are recommended indefinitely for patients with CAD and LV systolic dysfunction. These agents have proven efficacy in reducing angina onset and improving the ischemic threshold during exercise. In patients who have suffered an MI, beta-blockers significantly reduce deaths and recurrent MIs (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012). Nonadherence to cardioprotective medications is prevalent among outpatients with CAD and can be associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes, including all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the need for revascularization procedures (ACC/AHA, 2002). This measure is intended to promote beta-blocker usage in select patients with CAD.

Clinical Recommendation Statement

Beta-blocker therapy should be started and continued for 3 years in all patients with normal LV function after MI or ACS (Class I, Level of Evidence: B) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).

Beta-blocker therapy should be used in all patients with LV systolic dysfunction (EF <= 40%) with heart failure or prior MI, unless contraindicated. (Use should be limited to carvedilol, metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol, which have been shown to reduce risk of death.) (Class I, Level of Evidence: A) (ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS, 2012).

Definition

Prescribed may include prescription given to the patient for beta-blocker therapy at one or more visits in the measurement period OR patient already taking beta-blocker therapy as documented in current medication list. Prior Myocardial Infarction (MI) for denominator 2 is limited to those occurring within the past 3 years.

Transmission Format

TBD

Applicable Value Sets

Category Value Set OID
Allergy/Intolerance Beta Blocker Therapy Ingredient 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1493
Diagnosis Allergy to Beta Blocker Therapy 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1177
Diagnosis Arrhythmia 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.366
Diagnosis Asthma 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.362
Diagnosis Atrioventricular Block 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.367
Diagnosis Bradycardia 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.412
Diagnosis Cardiac Pacer in Situ 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.368
Diagnosis Coronary Artery Disease No MI 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.369
Diagnosis Hypotension 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.370
Diagnosis Intolerance to Beta Blocker Therapy 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1178
Diagnosis Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1091
Diagnosis Moderate or Severe LVSD 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1090
Diagnosis Myocardial Infarction 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.403
Diagnostic Study, Performed Ejection Fraction 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1134
Encounter, Performed Care Services in Long-Term Residential Facility 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1014
Encounter, Performed Home Healthcare Services 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1016
Encounter, Performed Nursing Facility Visit 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1012
Encounter, Performed Office Visit 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1001
Encounter, Performed Outpatient Consultation 2.16.840.1.113883.3.464.1003.101.12.1008
Encounter, Performed Patient Provider Interaction 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1012
Medication, Active Beta Blocker Therapy 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1174
Medication, Active Beta Blocker Therapy for LVSD 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1184
Medication, Not Ordered Beta Blocker Therapy 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1174
Medication, Not Ordered Beta Blocker Therapy for LVSD 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1184
Medication, Order Beta Blocker Therapy 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1174
Medication, Order Beta Blocker Therapy for LVSD 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1184
Patient Characteristic Ethnicity Ethnicity 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.837
Patient Characteristic Payer Payer 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.3591
Patient Characteristic Race Race 2.16.840.1.114222.4.11.836
Patient Characteristic Sex ONC Administrative Sex 2.16.840.1.113762.1.4.1
Physical Exam, Performed Heart Rate 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.1176
Procedure, Performed Cardiac Surgery 2.16.840.1.113883.3.526.3.371

References

Fihn, S. D., Gardin, J. M., Abrams, J., Berra, K., Blankenship, J. C., Dallas, A. P., … Williams, S. V. (2012). 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation, 126(25), e354–e471. doi: 10.1161/cir.0b013e318277d6a0
Gibbons, R. J., Abrams, J., Chatterjee, K.,  Daley, J., Deedwania, P.K, Douglas J.S., … Smith Jr., S.C. (2002). ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for the Management of Patients with Chronic StableAangina: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation, 107(1), 149-158.  doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000047041.66447.29

Disclaimer

The Measure is not a clinical guideline, does not establish a standard of medical care, and has not been tested for all potential applications. The Measure, while copyrighted, can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes, e.g., use by health care providers in connection with their practices. Commercial use is defined as the sale, license, or distribution of the Measure for commercial gain, or incorporation of the Measure into a product or service that is sold, licensed or distributed for commercial gain. Commercial uses of the Measure require a license agreement between the user and the American Medical Association (AMA), American College of Cardiology (ACC) or the American Heart Association (AHA). Neither the AMA, nor ACC, nor AHA, nor the former AMA-convened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement(R) (AMA-PCPI), nor the PCPI (R) Foundation (PCPI[R]), nor their members shall be responsible for any use of the Measure. AMA and PCPI encourage use of the Measure by other health care professionals, where appropriate. THE MEASURE AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Limited proprietary coding is contained in the Measure specifications for convenience. Users of the proprietary code sets should obtain all necessary licenses from the owners of these code sets. The AMA, ACC, AHA, the PCPI and its members and former members of the AMA-PCPI disclaim all liability for use or accuracy of any Current Procedural Terminology (CPT[R]) or other coding contained in the specifications. CPT(R) contained in the Measure specifications is copyright 2004-2019 American Medical Association. LOINC(R) is copyright 2004-2019 Regenstrief Institute, Inc. This material contains SNOMED Clinical Terms(R) (SNOMED CT[R]) copyright 2004-2019 International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. ICD-10 is copyright 2019 World Health Organization. All Rights Reserved. Due to technical limitations, registered trademarks are indicated by (R) or [R].

Copyright

Copyright 2020 American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association and American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.

Source: https://ecqi.healthit.gov/ecqm/measures/cms145v9